Drill of Mandarin UN SMA Paket 1A

Mandarin (simplified Chinese: 官话; traditional Chinese: 官話; pinyin: Guānhuà; literally "speech of officials") is a group of related Chinese dialects spoken across most of northern and south-western China. Because Mandarin mainly includes speech groups found in the north, the term "northern dialect(s)" (simplified Chinese: 北方话; traditional Chinese: 北方 話; pinyin: Běifānghuà) also names this language group on an informal basis.
When the Mandarin group is taken as one language, as is often done in academic literature, it has more native speakers than any other language. For most of Chinese history the capital has been within the Mandarin area, making these dialects very influential. Mandarin dialects, particularly the Beijing dialect, form the basis of Standard Chinese, which is also known as "Mandarin".
The word "mandarin" (from Portuguese mandarim, from Malay, from Hindi mantri, from Sanskrit mantrin meaning "minister or counselor") originally meant an official of the Chinese empire. When Jesuit missionaries learned this standard language in the 16th century, they called it Mandarin, from its Chinese name Guānhuà "speech of officials".
In everyday English, "Mandarin" refers to Standard Chinese (Pǔtōnghuà / Guóyǔ / Huáyǔ), which is often called simply "Chinese". Standard Chinese is based on the particular Mandarin dialect spoken in Beijing, with some lexical and syntactic influence from other Mandarin dialects. It is the official spoken language of the People's Republic of China (PRC), the official language of the Republic of China (ROC/Taiwan), one of the four official languages of Singapore. It also functions as the language of instruction in the PRC and in Taiwan. It is one of the six official languages of the United Nations, under the name "Chinese". The term Guānhuà is considered an archaic name for the standard language by Chinese speakers of today.











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